Гончаров Иван Александрович (1812-1891) – прозаик, литературный критик и публицист. Статский советник, Член-корреспондент Петербургской Академии наук (1860). Закончил факультет словесности Московского университета. В эти же годы знаменитый вуз посещали Герцен, Белинский, Огарев, Лермонтов, Тургенев и Аксаков. По окончании университета преподавал латынь и русскую словесность старшим сыновья живописца Николая Майкова, работал переводчиком и публицистом, много общался с Белинским, который повлиял на литературное становление Гончарова. В качестве секретаря адмирала Путятина участвовал в экспедиции фрегата «Паллада» (позже его заметки станут книгой очерков). Огромный успех ему приносит роман «Обломов», а благодаря критику Добролюбову известная апатия, леность и застой русского национального характера обретает имя – обломовщина по фамилии главного персонажа и альтер-эго писателя.
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