Натаниэль Готорн (1804-1864) - американский писатель эпохи Романтизма.Родился в Салеме, принадлежал к старинному пуританскому роду (один из его предков выносил обвинительный приговор салемским ведьмам). В юности увлекся утопическим социализмом, и даже вступил в комунну, но вскоре разочаровался. Работал сперва на таможне, затем - в качестве посла в Италии.Умер, оставив жену и троих детей. Первая удачная работа Готорна - сборник очерков под названием "Истории, поведанные дважды" был издан в 1837-ом году. Сборник получил множество лестных отзывов, что позволило Готорну продолжить писать и публиковаться. Основной темой его романов и новелл становились социальная несправедливость, ханжество и ложность моральных ценностей. Работы Готорна относят к так называемому "темному романтизму", так как зачастую большую роль в его произведениях играют вопросы греха, вины и озлобленности. Многие мотивы произведений Готорна навеяны историческими фактами и жизненными наблюдениями, однако смелые аллегории на грани сюрреализма позволяют отнести их скорее к течению символизма. Наибольшую известность приобрел роман "Алая буква" (1850), повествующий о жестокости пуританского сознания, заковывающего людей в тиски условностей. В США Готорн причислен к классикам литературы и его имя ставят на одну ступень с именами Ирвинга и По. В России же его творчество мало известно и из внушительного наследия были опубликованы только 2 романа и несколько новелл. Среди почитателей таланта Готорна - Фолкнер и Генри Джеймс. Другие же - к примеру, По и Эмерсон, считали его посредственным.
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