Русский философ, культуролог, литературовед, теоретик европейской культуры и искусства. Создатель новой теории европейского романа. Исследуя художественные принципы романа Франсуа Рабле, Бахтин развил теорию универсальной народной смеховой культуры. Автор таких литературоведческих понятий, как полифонизм, смеховая культура, хронотоп, карнавализация, мениппея, духовный верх и телесный низ. Основные работы Бахтина вскоре были переведены и получили очень широкую известность на Западе. В Англии при Шеффилдском университете существует Бахтинский центр, ведущий научную и учебную работу. Особую популярность творчество Бахтина приобрело во Франции, где его пропагандировали Цветан Тодоров и Юлия Кристева. Большой известностью пользуется Бахтин и в Японии, где вышло его первое собрание сочинений, а также издано большое число монографий и работ о нём.
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