Сэр Хэлфорд Джон Маккиндер — английский географ, преподаватель Оксфордского университета, член палаты общин парламента Британии, один из основателей геополитики как науки..
В своем основном труде «Географическая ось истории» Маккиндер ввел понятие Хартленда, обозначив так центральную часть Евразии, вокруг которой расположены
внутренняя дуга (Европа — Аравия — Индокитай) и периферийная дуга (Америка — Африка — Океания).
Кто контролирует Хартленд, тот контролирует весь мир, писал Маккиндер.
Но какая территория служит противовесом Хартленду?
Это Римленд — государства, владеющие полосой побережья, окаймляющей Хартленд, и противостоящие ему.
Их неразрешимые противоречия порождал
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